Packet #10110196 Success

TRACEROUTE_APP packet from grenue (5780) to Meshtastic 71e8 (71e8)

12
Total Receptions
12
Unique Gateways
6
Hop Count
102
Payload Bytes
Packet Information
Database ID: 10110196
Mesh Packet ID: 0xd7d72134
Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp: 2026-02-23 11:59:56 UTC
From Node: grenue (5780)
To Node: Meshtastic 71e8 (71e8)
Success: Processed
Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP
Port: 70
Gateway: Koptevo-8-MQTT (BM8M)
Channel: LongFast
RSSI: -110 dBm
SNR: -7.75 dBm
Hop Info: 6/7 hops
Start: 7, Limit: 1
Payload Data
Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP
Size: 102 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Decoded Data:
Route Information
Route Path: BLUE_Team (BLUE) → #800080 (tt1) → Ls868_2 (1dac) → Aeroport 059c (059c) → MSG 🦀 (MSG) → fxxxxr (AKFK) → Koptevo-8-MQTT (BM8M)
Hop Count: 6 hops
Status: Incomplete - Final destination not reached
SNR Towards: -19.0 dB -14.25 dB -8.75 dB -11.25 dB -11.5 dB -7.0 dB -7.75 dB
Route Visualization

Loading route map...

Map shows the geographic path if nodes have shared location data.
Traceroute Steps
Hop From Node To Node Distance SNR (dB) Direction Analysis
1 grenue (5780) BLUE_Team (BLUE) Unknown -19.0 dB Origin Hops
2 BLUE_Team (BLUE) #800080 (tt1) Unknown -14.25 dB Relay Hops
3 #800080 (tt1) Ls868_2 (1dac) Unknown -8.75 dB Relay Hops
4 Ls868_2 (1dac) Aeroport 059c (059c) 17.79 km -11.25 dB Relay Hops
5 Aeroport 059c (059c) MSG 🦀 (MSG) 18.67 km -11.5 dB Relay Hops
6 MSG 🦀 (MSG) fxxxxr (AKFK) 1.31 km -7.0 dB Relay Hops
7 fxxxxr (AKFK) Koptevo-8-MQTT (BM8M) 534 m -7.75 dB Relay Hops
Traceroute incomplete - Final destination not reached
Total Forward Distance
38.31 km
Combined Traceroute Graph
Controls: Drag nodes to rearrange • Mouse wheel to zoom • Click and drag background to pan • Hover for details

Building graph...

Legend & Paths
Nodes
🔄 Router Node
📡 Gateway Node
🚀 Source Node
🎯 Target Node
Connections
RF Link
Gateway Connection
Direct Reception (0 hops)
Packet Paths
Loading paths...
Raw Packet Analysis
Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis
Packet Structure
MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)
Total Size:102 bytes
Gateway:!433e353c
Channel:LongFast
Payload Type:TRACEROUTE_APP
Hop Count:6 / 7
Privacy Summary
Exposure Level:
Direct Message
Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Acknowledgment requested
+ 2 more...
Exposure Risks:
âš  Default channel - no encryption
âš  Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
+ 2 more...
MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

MQTT ServiceEnvelope contains the MeshPacket plus routing metadata

FieldValue
gateway_id !433e353c
Node ID format
channel_id LongFast
Default public channel
packet MeshPacket (102 bytes)
Contains the actual mesh network packet
MeshPacket Fields

Core mesh packet with routing and payload information

FieldValueType
from 181032832
Source node ID 		uint32
to 4052316648
Target node ID 		uint32
decoded.portnum 70
TRACEROUTE_APP 		enum
decoded.payload_length 102 bytes size
hop_limit 1
Remaining hops allowed 		uint32
hop_start 7
Initial hop limit 		uint32
hops_taken 6
Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit 		derived
rx_rssi -110.0 dBm
Signal strength at gateway 		int32
rx_snr -7.75 dB
Signal quality at gateway 		float
rx_time 1771837195
Receive timestamp 		fixed32
via_mqtt False
Direct LoRa transmission 		bool
want_ack True
Acknowledgment requested 		bool
priority Not set enum
delayed Not set enum
channel Not set uint32
pki_encrypted False
Standard encryption 		bool
next_hop Not set uint32
relay_node 108
Relay node ID 		uint32
tx_after Not set uint32
timestamp 1771837196.6552432
Unix timestamp 		uint32
MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Direct Message
Privacy Features:
  • ✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
  • ✓ Acknowledgment requested
  • ✓ Targeted to specific node
  • ✓ Gateway node ID tracked
Exposure Risks:
  • âš  Default channel - no encryption
  • âš  Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
  • âš  Multi-hop path visible (6 hops)
  • âš  RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)
MQTT-Specific Fields
Want ack: True
Gateway ID: !433e353c
Signal Metrics: RSSI: -110.0 dBm
SNR: -7.75 dB
Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:
Protocol:TRACEROUTE_APP
Size:102 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Complete Payload Data (JSON):
{ "route_nodes": [ 3667837656, 1824715055, 4188874312, 3671655836, 629270384, 1771738220, 1128150332 ], "snr_towards": [ -19.0, -14.25, -8.75, -11.25, -11.5, -7.0, -7.75 ], "route_back": [], "snr_back": [], "route_node_names": { "181032832": "grenue (5780)", "4188874312": "Ls868_2 (1dac)", "4052316648": "Meshtastic 71e8 (71e8)", "1771738220": "fxxxxr (AKFK)", "1824715055": "#800080 (tt1)", "629270384": "MSG 🦀 (MSG)", "1128150332": "Koptevo-8-MQTT (BM8M)", "3667837656": "BLUE_Team (BLUE)", "3671655836": "Aeroport 059c (059c)" }, "traceroute_packet": { "packet_data": { "id": 10110196, "timestamp": 1771837196.6552432, "from_node_id": 181032832, "to_node_id": 4052316648, "portnum": 70, "portnum_name": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "gateway_id": "!433e353c", "channel_id": "LongFast", "mesh_packet_id": 3621200180, "rssi": -110, "snr": -7.75, "hop_limit": 1, "hop_start": 7, "payload_length": 102, "processed_successfully": 1, "raw_payload": "0a1cd8c29eda2ff1c26c4826adf99c05d9da70e781256c949a693c353e431246b4ffffffffffffffff01c7ffffffffffffffff01ddffffffffffffffff01d3ffffffffffffffff01d2ffffffffffffffff01e4ffffffffffffffff01e1ffffffffffffffff01", "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 1, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "rx_time": 1771837195, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 108, "tx_after": 0, "timestamp_str": "2026-02-23 11:59:56", "hop_count": 6, "has_payload": true, "success": 1, "from_node_name": "grenue (5780)", "to_node_name": "Meshtastic 71e8 (71e8)", "gateway_name": "Koptevo-8-MQTT (BM8M)", "gateway_location": { "node_id": 1128150332, "latitude": 55.8223124, "longitude": 37.5283501, "altitude": null, "timestamp": 1772323161.1699293, "timestamp_str": "2026-03-01 02:59:21", "display_name": "Koptevo-8-MQTT", "long_name": "Koptevo-8-MQTT", "short_name": "BM8M", "hw_model": "HELTEC_V3" } }, "resolve_names": true, "packet_id": 10110196, "from_node_id": 181032832, "to_node_id": 4052316648, "timestamp": 1771837196.6552432, "gateway_id": "!433e353c", "raw_payload": "0a1cd8c29eda2ff1c26c4826adf99c05d9da70e781256c949a693c353e431246b4ffffffffffffffff01c7ffffffffffffffff01ddffffffffffffffff01d3ffffffffffffffff01d2ffffffffffffffff01e4ffffffffffffffff01e1ffffffffffffffff01", "hop_limit": 1, "hop_start": 7, "from_node_name": "grenue (5780)", "to_node_name": "!f18971e8", "route_data": { "route_nodes": [ 3667837656, 1824715055, 4188874312, 3671655836, 629270384, 1771738220, 1128150332 ], "snr_towards": [ -19.0, -14.25, -8.75, -11.25, -11.5, -7.0, -7.75 ], "route_back": [], "snr_back": [] }, "forward_path": { "path_type": "forward", "node_ids": [ 181032832, 3667837656, 1824715055, 4188874312, 3671655836, 629270384, 1771738220, 1128150332 ], "node_names": [ "grenue (5780)", "BLUE_Team (BLUE)", "#800080 (tt1)", "Ls868_2 (1dac)", "Aeroport 059c (059c)", "MSG 🦀 (MSG)", "fxxxxr (AKFK)", "Koptevo-8-MQTT (BM8M)" ], "snr_values": [ -19.0, -14.25, -8.75, -11.25, -11.5, -7.0, -7.75 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 181032832, "to_node_id": 3667837656, "from_node_name": "grenue (5780)", "to_node_name": "BLUE_Team (BLUE)", "snr": -19.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 3667837656, "to_node_id": 1824715055, "from_node_name": "BLUE_Team (BLUE)", "to_node_name": "#800080 (tt1)", "snr": -14.25, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 1824715055, "to_node_id": 4188874312, "from_node_name": "#800080 (tt1)", "to_node_name": "Ls868_2 (1dac)", "snr": -8.75, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 4, "from_node_id": 4188874312, "to_node_id": 3671655836, "from_node_name": "Ls868_2 (1dac)", "to_node_name": "Aeroport 059c (059c)", "snr": -11.25, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 17792.39694333599, "from_location_timestamp": 1771668336.2318797, "to_location_timestamp": 1771836958.5761392, "from_location_age_warning": "from 2.0d ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 0.1h ago" }, { "hop_number": 5, "from_node_id": 3671655836, "to_node_id": 629270384, "from_node_name": "Aeroport 059c (059c)", "to_node_name": "MSG 🦀 (MSG)", "snr": -11.5, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 18671.77003731329, "from_location_timestamp": 1771836958.5761392, "to_location_timestamp": 1771811457.3712528, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.1h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 7.1h ago" }, { "hop_number": 6, "from_node_id": 629270384, "to_node_id": 1771738220, "from_node_name": "MSG 🦀 (MSG)", "to_node_name": "fxxxxr (AKFK)", "snr": -7.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 1307.6264189199364, "from_location_timestamp": 1771811457.3712528, "to_location_timestamp": 1771800517.0154836, "from_location_age_warning": "from 7.1h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 10.2h ago" }, { "hop_number": 7, "from_node_id": 1771738220, "to_node_id": 1128150332, "from_node_name": "fxxxxr (AKFK)", "to_node_name": "Koptevo-8-MQTT (BM8M)", "snr": -7.75, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 533.9378678629354, "from_location_timestamp": 1771800517.0154836, "to_location_timestamp": 1771835222.9948668, "from_location_age_warning": "from 10.2h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 0.5h ago" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 7 }, "return_path": null, "actual_rf_path": { "path_type": "forward_rf", "node_ids": [ 181032832, 3667837656, 1824715055, 4188874312, 3671655836, 629270384, 1771738220, 1128150332 ], "node_names": [ "grenue (5780)", "BLUE_Team (BLUE)", "#800080 (tt1)", "Ls868_2 (1dac)", "Aeroport 059c (059c)", "MSG 🦀 (MSG)", "fxxxxr (AKFK)", "Koptevo-8-MQTT (BM8M)" ], "snr_values": [ -19.0, -14.25, -8.75, -11.25, -11.5, -7.0, -7.75 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 181032832, "to_node_id": 3667837656, "from_node_name": "grenue (5780)", "to_node_name": "BLUE_Team (BLUE)", "snr": -19.0, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 3667837656, "to_node_id": 1824715055, "from_node_name": "BLUE_Team (BLUE)", "to_node_name": "#800080 (tt1)", "snr": -14.25, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 1824715055, "to_node_id": 4188874312, "from_node_name": "#800080 (tt1)", "to_node_name": "Ls868_2 (1dac)", "snr": -8.75, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 4, "from_node_id": 4188874312, "to_node_id": 3671655836, "from_node_name": "Ls868_2 (1dac)", "to_node_name": "Aeroport 059c (059c)", "snr": -11.25, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 17792.39694333599, "from_location_timestamp": 1771668336.2318797, "to_location_timestamp": 1771836958.5761392, "from_location_age_warning": "from 2.0d ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 0.1h ago" }, { "hop_number": 5, "from_node_id": 3671655836, "to_node_id": 629270384, "from_node_name": "Aeroport 059c (059c)", "to_node_name": "MSG 🦀 (MSG)", "snr": -11.5, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 18671.77003731329, "from_location_timestamp": 1771836958.5761392, "to_location_timestamp": 1771811457.3712528, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.1h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 7.1h ago" }, { "hop_number": 6, "from_node_id": 629270384, "to_node_id": 1771738220, "from_node_name": "MSG 🦀 (MSG)", "to_node_name": "fxxxxr (AKFK)", "snr": -7.0, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 1307.6264189199364, "from_location_timestamp": 1771811457.3712528, "to_location_timestamp": 1771800517.0154836, "from_location_age_warning": "from 7.1h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 10.2h ago" }, { "hop_number": 7, "from_node_id": 1771738220, "to_node_id": 1128150332, "from_node_name": "fxxxxr (AKFK)", "to_node_name": "Koptevo-8-MQTT (BM8M)", "snr": -7.75, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 533.9378678629354, "from_location_timestamp": 1771800517.0154836, "to_location_timestamp": 1771835222.9948668, "from_location_age_warning": "from 10.2h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 0.5h ago" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 7 } }, "has_return_path": false, "is_complete": false, "forward_path_display": "grenue (5780) → BLUE_Team (BLUE) → #800080 (tt1) → Ls868_2 (1dac) → Aeroport 059c (059c) → MSG 🦀 (MSG) → fxxxxr (AKFK) → Koptevo-8-MQTT (BM8M)", "return_path_display": null, "actual_rf_path_display": "grenue (5780) → BLUE_Team (BLUE) → #800080 (tt1) → Ls868_2 (1dac) → Aeroport 059c (059c) → MSG 🦀 (MSG) → fxxxxr (AKFK) → Koptevo-8-MQTT (BM8M)", "forward_hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 181032832, "to_node_id": 3667837656, "from_node_name": "grenue (5780)", "to_node_name": "BLUE_Team (BLUE)", "snr": -19.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 3667837656, "to_node_id": 1824715055, "from_node_name": "BLUE_Team (BLUE)", "to_node_name": "#800080 (tt1)", "snr": -14.25, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 1824715055, "to_node_id": 4188874312, "from_node_name": "#800080 (tt1)", "to_node_name": "Ls868_2 (1dac)", "snr": -8.75, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 4, "from_node_id": 4188874312, "to_node_id": 3671655836, "from_node_name": "Ls868_2 (1dac)", "to_node_name": "Aeroport 059c (059c)", "snr": -11.25, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 17792.39694333599, "from_location_timestamp": 1771668336.2318797, "to_location_timestamp": 1771836958.5761392, "from_location_age_warning": "from 2.0d ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 0.1h ago" }, { "hop_number": 5, "from_node_id": 3671655836, "to_node_id": 629270384, "from_node_name": "Aeroport 059c (059c)", "to_node_name": "MSG 🦀 (MSG)", "snr": -11.5, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 18671.77003731329, "from_location_timestamp": 1771836958.5761392, "to_location_timestamp": 1771811457.3712528, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.1h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 7.1h ago" }, { "hop_number": 6, "from_node_id": 629270384, "to_node_id": 1771738220, "from_node_name": "MSG 🦀 (MSG)", "to_node_name": "fxxxxr (AKFK)", "snr": -7.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 1307.6264189199364, "from_location_timestamp": 1771811457.3712528, "to_location_timestamp": 1771800517.0154836, "from_location_age_warning": "from 7.1h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 10.2h ago" }, { "hop_number": 7, "from_node_id": 1771738220, "to_node_id": 1128150332, "from_node_name": "fxxxxr (AKFK)", "to_node_name": "Koptevo-8-MQTT (BM8M)", "snr": -7.75, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 533.9378678629354, "from_location_timestamp": 1771800517.0154836, "to_location_timestamp": 1771835222.9948668, "from_location_age_warning": "from 10.2h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 0.5h ago" } ], "return_hops": [], "total_forward_distance": 38305.73126743215, "total_return_distance": null }
Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)
{ "service_envelope": { "gateway_id": "!433e353c", "channel_id": "LongFast", "packet": "MeshPacket (see mesh_packet below)" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 181032832, "to": 4052316648, "id": 3621200180, "rx_time": 1771837195, "rx_snr": -7.75, "rx_rssi": -110, "hop_limit": 1, "hop_start": 7, "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 1, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 108, "tx_after": 0, "decoded": { "portnum": 70, "payload": "0a1cd8c29eda2ff1c26c4826adf99c05d9da70e781256c949a693c353e431246b4ffffffffffffffff01c7ffffffffffffffff01ddffffffffffffffff01d3ffffffffffffffff01d2ffffffffffffffff01e4ffffffffffffffff01e1ffffffffffffffff01", "want_response": null, "dest": null, "source": null, "request_id": null, "reply_id": null, "emoji": null, "parsed_payload": { "route": [ 3667837656, 1824715055, 4188874312, 3671655836, 629270384, 1771738220, 1128150332 ], "snr_towards": [ -76, -57, -35, -45, -46, -28, -31 ], "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "message_class": "RouteDiscovery" } } } }
Raw Packet Data (102 bytes)
0a1cd8c29eda2ff1c26c4826adf99c05d9da70e781256c949a693c353e431246b4ffffffffffffffff01c7ffffffffffffffff01ddffffffffffffffff01d3ffffffffffffffff01d2ffffffffffffffff01e4ffffffffffffffff01e1ffffffffffffffff01
Hex Analysis:
Size:102 bytes
Format:Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:Binary with varint and length-delimited fields
This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.
All Receptions
All gateways that received this packet
Correlation: Using Mesh Packet ID
Reception Locations

Loading reception map...

Map shows gateway locations that received this packet. Hop counts are displayed if available.
Gateway Time Offset RSSI SNR Hops Channel Timestamp Actions
Koptevo-8-MQTT (BM8M) Primary 0.000s
Reference 		-110.0 dBm -7.75 dB 6 LongFast 2026-02-23 11:59:56 Current
Aster-02 (AST2) -4.426s
Before 		-89.0 dBm 1.00 dB 4 LongFast 2026-02-23 11:59:52 View
SYSXX YGW8 (SXY8) -4.395s
Before 		-99.0 dBm -5.75 dB 4 LongFast 2026-02-23 11:59:52 View
SYSXX BGW8 (SXB8) -4.350s
Before 		-119.0 dBm -9.75 dB 4 LongFast 2026-02-23 11:59:52 View
Zoͦmͫвⷡiͥeͤ [GW8] (🧟) -2.664s
Before 		-108.0 dBm -14.00 dB 5 LongFast 2026-02-23 11:59:53 View
SYSXX OGW8 (SXG8) -2.601s
Before 		-68.0 dBm 6.25 dB 4 LongFast 2026-02-23 11:59:54 View
Keyhost GW8 (KHS8) -0.806s
Before 		-114.0 dBm -11.25 dB 6 LongFast 2026-02-23 11:59:55 View
Butyrskaya 868 (But8) -0.040s
Before 		-121.0 dBm -17.75 dB 5 LongFast 2026-02-23 11:59:56 View
svk2 883c SZAO Serebriany Bor (svk2) +0.046s
After 		-144.0 dBm -20.00 dB 5 LongFast 2026-02-23 11:59:56 View
Zamkad8 (zmkd) +3.577s
After 		-114.0 dBm -4.75 dB 7 LongFast 2026-02-23 12:00:00 View
Tsaritsyno_KB_V_868 (KBV8) +7.330s
After 		-96.0 dBm -1.00 dB 7 LongFast 2026-02-23 12:00:03 View
RN3ABX Georgy 2 (ABX2) +9.683s
After 		-108.0 dBm 1.75 dB 6 LongFast 2026-02-23 12:00:06 View
12

Total Receptions

12

Unique Gateways