Packet #5984964 Success

STORE_FORWARD_APP packet from Heltec v4 a388 (a388) to !ffffffff

16
Total Receptions
16
Unique Gateways
5
Hop Count
7
Payload Bytes
Packet Information
Database ID: 5984964
Mesh Packet ID: 0x61ecf9ca
Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp: 2026-01-15 02:28:52 UTC
From Node: Heltec v4 a388 (a388)
To Node: !ffffffff (ffff)
Success: Processed
Protocol: STORE_FORWARD_APP
Port: 65
Gateway: Medved GW8 (MED8)
Channel: LongFast
RSSI: -116 dBm
SNR: -20.25 dBm
Hop Info: 5/7 hops
Start: 7, Limit: 2
Payload Data
Protocol: STORE_FORWARD_APP
Size: 7 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Decoded Data:
{
  "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT",
  "heartbeat": {
    "period": 900
  },
  "type": "protobuf",
  "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP",
  "message_class": "StoreAndForward"
}
Raw Packet Analysis
Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis
Packet Structure
MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)
Total Size:7 bytes
Gateway:!fa68e0c0
Channel:LongFast
Payload Type:STORE_FORWARD_APP
Hop Count:5 / 7
Privacy Summary
Exposure Level:
Broadcast
Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Gateway node ID tracked
Exposure Risks:
⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Default channel - no encryption
+ 3 more...
MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

MQTT ServiceEnvelope contains the MeshPacket plus routing metadata

FieldValue
gateway_id !fa68e0c0
Node ID format
channel_id LongFast
Default public channel
packet MeshPacket (7 bytes)
Contains the actual mesh network packet
MeshPacket Fields

Core mesh packet with routing and payload information

FieldValueType
from 1770365832
Source node ID 		uint32
to 4294967295 (Broadcast)
Visible to all nodes 		uint32
decoded.portnum 65
STORE_FORWARD_APP 		enum
decoded.payload_length 7 bytes size
hop_limit 2
Remaining hops allowed 		uint32
hop_start 7
Initial hop limit 		uint32
hops_taken 5
Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit 		derived
rx_rssi -116.0 dBm
Signal strength at gateway 		int32
rx_snr -20.25 dB
Signal quality at gateway 		float
rx_time 1768433320
Receive timestamp 		fixed32
via_mqtt False
Direct LoRa transmission 		bool
want_ack False
No ACK requested 		bool
priority Not set enum
delayed Not set enum
channel Not set uint32
pki_encrypted False
Standard encryption 		bool
next_hop Not set uint32
relay_node 196
Relay node ID 		uint32
tx_after Not set uint32
timestamp 1768433332.213458
Unix timestamp 		uint32
MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Broadcast
Privacy Features:
  • ✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
  • ✓ Gateway node ID tracked
Exposure Risks:
  • ⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
  • ⚠ Default channel - no encryption
  • ⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
  • ⚠ Multi-hop path visible (5 hops)
  • ⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)
MQTT-Specific Fields
Gateway ID: !fa68e0c0
Signal Metrics: RSSI: -116.0 dBm
SNR: -20.25 dB
Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:
Protocol:STORE_FORWARD_APP
Size:7 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Complete Payload Data (JSON):
{ "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT", "heartbeat": { "period": 900 }, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP", "message_class": "StoreAndForward" }
Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)
{ "service_envelope": { "gateway_id": "!fa68e0c0", "channel_id": "LongFast", "packet": "MeshPacket (see mesh_packet below)" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 1770365832, "to": 4294967295, "id": 1642920394, "rx_time": 1768433320, "rx_snr": -20.25, "rx_rssi": -116, "hop_limit": 2, "hop_start": 7, "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 0, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 196, "tx_after": 0, "decoded": { "portnum": 65, "payload": "08022203088407", "want_response": null, "dest": null, "source": null, "request_id": null, "reply_id": null, "emoji": null, "parsed_payload": { "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT", "heartbeat": { "period": 900 }, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP", "message_class": "StoreAndForward" } } } }
Raw Packet Data (7 bytes)
08022203088407
Hex Analysis:
Size:7 bytes
Format:Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:Binary with varint and length-delimited fields
This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.
All Receptions
All gateways that received this packet
Correlation: Using Mesh Packet ID
Reception Locations

Loading reception map...

Map shows gateway locations that received this packet. Hop counts are displayed if available.
Gateway Time Offset RSSI SNR Hops Channel Timestamp Actions
Medved GW8 (MED8) Primary 0.000s
Reference 		-116.0 dBm -20.25 dB 5 LongFast 2026-01-15 02:28:52 Current
BBS Восток (DM📲) (BBSv) -710.402s
Before 		-98.0 dBm -5.75 dB 0 LongFast 2026-01-15 02:17:01 View
EGarpunov 2 868 (Base) (BAO) (EG28) -708.600s
Before 		-114.0 dBm -8.25 dB 1 LongFast 2026-01-15 02:17:03 View
VEGA 6d78 (VEGA) -707.516s
Before 		-80.0 dBm -7.50 dB 2 LongFast 2026-01-15 02:17:04 View
Fostral (FSTR) -700.427s
Before 		-83.0 dBm -14.25 dB 3 LongFast 2026-01-15 02:17:11 View
Tsaritsyno_KB_U_868 (KBU8) -700.156s
Before 		-107.0 dBm Unknown 3 LongFast 2026-01-15 02:17:12 View
patch866 (pth8) -699.095s
Before 		-67.0 dBm 4.25 dB 5 LongFast 2026-01-15 02:17:13 View
Butyrskaya 868 (But8) -699.036s
Before 		-125.0 dBm -19.50 dB 5 LongFast 2026-01-15 02:17:13 View
Zoͦmͫвⷡiͥeͤ [GW8] (🧟) -0.123s
Before 		-95.0 dBm -4.50 dB 5 LongFast 2026-01-15 02:28:52 View
SYSXX YGW8 (SXY8) -0.058s
Before 		-96.0 dBm -8.25 dB 5 LongFast 2026-01-15 02:28:52 View
SYSXX BGW8 (SXB8) -0.036s
Before 		-115.0 dBm -7.00 dB 5 LongFast 2026-01-15 02:28:52 View
Koptevo-8-MQTT (BM8M) +0.141s
After 		-118.0 dBm -16.50 dB 5 LongFast 2026-01-15 02:28:52 View
SYSXX OGW8 (SXG8) +1.281s
After 		-67.0 dBm 6.25 dB 5 LongFast 2026-01-15 02:28:53 View
Aster-02 (AST2) +3.159s
After 		-99.0 dBm -12.25 dB 7 LongFast 2026-01-15 02:28:55 View
Keyhost GW8 (KHS8) +9.717s
After 		-114.0 dBm -8.25 dB 7 LongFast 2026-01-15 02:29:01 View
Zamkad8 (zmkd) +27.332s
After 		-121.0 dBm -9.25 dB 7 LongFast 2026-01-15 02:29:19 View
16

Total Receptions

16

Unique Gateways