Packet #6005788 Success

STORE_FORWARD_APP packet from Muhovoz (o992) to !ffffffff

Total Receptions

Unique Gateways

Hop Count

Payload Bytes

Packet Information

Database ID:	6005788
Mesh Packet ID:	`0x4cb2ed89` Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp:	2026-01-15 06:31:57 UTC
From Node:	Muhovoz (o992)
To Node:	!ffffffff (ffff)
Success:	Processed
Protocol:	STORE_FORWARD_APP Port: 65

Gateway:	Zoͦmͫвⷡiͥeͤ [GW8] (🧟)
Channel:	LongFast
RSSI:	-106 dBm
SNR:	-12.75 dBm
Hop Info:	2/7 hops Start: 7, Limit: 5

Payload Data

Protocol: STORE_FORWARD_APP

Size: 7 bytes

Decoded: Yes

Decoded Data:

{
  "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT",
  "heartbeat": {
    "period": 900
  },
  "type": "protobuf",
  "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP",
  "message_class": "StoreAndForward"
}

Raw Packet Analysis

Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis

Packet Structure

MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)

Total Size:	7 bytes
Gateway:	!deadc0de
Channel:	LongFast
Payload Type:	STORE_FORWARD_APP
Hop Count:	2 / 7

Privacy Summary

Exposure Level:
Broadcast

Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Gateway node ID tracked

Exposure Risks:
⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Default channel - no encryption
+ 3 more...

MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

MQTT ServiceEnvelope contains the MeshPacket plus routing metadata

Field	Value
`gateway_id`	`!deadc0de` Node ID format
`channel_id`	`LongFast` Default public channel
`packet`	`MeshPacket` (7 bytes) Contains the actual mesh network packet

MeshPacket Fields

Core mesh packet with routing and payload information

Field	Value	Type
`from`	`1771838284` Source node ID	uint32
`to`	`4294967295` (Broadcast) Visible to all nodes	uint32
`decoded.portnum`	`65` STORE_FORWARD_APP	enum
`decoded.payload_length`	`7` bytes	size
`hop_limit`	`5` Remaining hops allowed	uint32
`hop_start`	`7` Initial hop limit	uint32
`hops_taken`	`2` Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit	derived
`rx_rssi`	`-106.0` dBm Signal strength at gateway	int32
`rx_snr`	`-12.75` dB Signal quality at gateway	float
`rx_time`	`1768447916` Receive timestamp	fixed32
`via_mqtt`	False Direct LoRa transmission	bool
`want_ack`	False No ACK requested	bool
`priority`	Not set	enum
`delayed`	Not set	enum
`channel`	Not set	uint32
`pki_encrypted`	False Standard encryption	bool
`next_hop`	Not set	uint32
`relay_node`	`56` Relay node ID	uint32
`tx_after`	Not set	uint32
`timestamp`	`1768447917.2225187` Unix timestamp	uint32

MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Broadcast

Privacy Features:

✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Gateway node ID tracked

Exposure Risks:

⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Default channel - no encryption
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
⚠ Multi-hop path visible (2 hops)
⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)

MQTT-Specific Fields

Gateway ID:	`!deadc0de`
Signal Metrics:	RSSI: -106.0 dBm SNR: -12.75 dB

Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:

Protocol:	STORE_FORWARD_APP
Size:	7 bytes
Decoded:	Yes

Complete Payload Data (JSON):

{ "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT", "heartbeat": { "period": 900 }, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP", "message_class": "StoreAndForward" }

Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)

{ "service_envelope": { "gateway_id": "!deadc0de", "channel_id": "LongFast", "packet": "MeshPacket (see mesh_packet below)" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 1771838284, "to": 4294967295, "id": 1286794633, "rx_time": 1768447916, "rx_snr": -12.75, "rx_rssi": -106, "hop_limit": 5, "hop_start": 7, "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 0, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 56, "tx_after": 0, "decoded": { "portnum": 65, "payload": "08022203088407", "want_response": null, "dest": null, "source": null, "request_id": null, "reply_id": null, "emoji": null, "parsed_payload": { "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT", "heartbeat": { "period": 900 }, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP", "message_class": "StoreAndForward" } } } }

Raw Packet Data (7 bytes)

08022203088407

Hex Analysis:

Size:	7 bytes
Format:	Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:	Binary with varint and length-delimited fields

This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.

All Receptions

All gateways that received this packet
Correlation: Using Mesh Packet ID

Reception Locations

Loading reception map...

Map shows gateway locations that received this packet. Hop counts are displayed if available.

Gateway	Time Offset	RSSI	SNR	Hops	Channel	Timestamp	Actions
Zoͦmͫвⷡiͥeͤ [GW8] (🧟) Primary	0.000s Reference	-106.0 dBm	-12.75 dB	2	LongFast	2026-01-15 06:31:57	Current
Butyrskaya 868 (But8)	-2.457s Before	-114.0 dBm	-10.50 dB	2	LongFast	2026-01-15 06:31:54	View
Keyhost GW8 (KHS8)	+0.120s After	-115.0 dBm	-10.50 dB	3	LongFast	2026-01-15 06:31:57	View
EGarpunov 2 868 (Base) (BAO) (EG28)	+0.718s After	-112.0 dBm	-8.50 dB	2	LongFast	2026-01-15 06:31:57	View
SYSXX YGW8 (SXY8)	+0.765s After	-98.0 dBm	-11.25 dB	2	LongFast	2026-01-15 06:31:57	View
Fostral (FSTR)	+0.787s After	-84.0 dBm	-15.50 dB	2	LongFast	2026-01-15 06:31:58	View
BBS Восток (DM📲) (BBSv)	+1.410s After	-48.0 dBm	6.00 dB	3	LongFast	2026-01-15 06:31:58	View
Korolyok h0use (K8k*)	+2.153s After	-112.0 dBm	-0.25 dB	3	LongFast	2026-01-15 06:31:59	View
hmbm (f55c)	+3.201s After	-98.0 dBm	2.75 dB	3	LongFast	2026-01-15 06:32:00	View
VEGA 6d78 (VEGA)	+5.668s After	-97.0 dBm	-16.25 dB	5	LongFast	2026-01-15 06:32:02	View
PopoG VKO 6a54 (6a54)	+10.909s After	-116.0 dBm	-8.00 dB	6	LongFast	2026-01-15 06:32:08	View
PopoG SRO (c204)	+12.048s After	-30.0 dBm	6.00 dB	7	LongFast	2026-01-15 06:32:09	View
SYSXX BGW8 (SXB8)	+15.443s After	-124.0 dBm	-17.75 dB	5	LongFast	2026-01-15 06:32:12	View
Tsaritsyno_KB_U_868 (KBU8)	+15.482s After	-46.0 dBm	5.50 dB	6	LongFast	2026-01-15 06:32:12	View
SYSXX OGW8 (SXG8)	+16.838s After	-65.0 dBm	7.25 dB	5	LongFast	2026-01-15 06:32:14	View
RN3ABX Georgy 2 (ABX2)	+17.015s After	-110.0 dBm	-8.25 dB	6	LongFast	2026-01-15 06:32:14	View
patch866 (pth8)	+17.236s After	-68.0 dBm	1.75 dB	7	LongFast	2026-01-15 06:32:14	View
ZA_MKAD_22_868_1 (8681)	+18.756s After	-137.0 dBm	-15.50 dB	4	LongFast	2026-01-15 06:32:15	View
Dragon868-1 (D1)	+18.802s After	-103.0 dBm	-0.75 dB	4	LongFast	2026-01-15 06:32:16	View
ZA_MKAD_22_433_2 (4332)	+18.980s After	Unknown	Unknown	5	LongFast	2026-01-15 06:32:16	View
NODE_SOLAR_868 (8682)	+19.001s After	Unknown	Unknown	5	LongFast	2026-01-15 06:32:16	View
Aster-02 (AST2)	+19.704s After	-77.0 dBm	4.50 dB	5	LongFast	2026-01-15 06:32:16	View
Zamkad8 (zmkd)	+362.799s After	-113.0 dBm	-4.50 dB	5	LongFast	2026-01-15 06:38:00	View

23

Total Receptions

23

Unique Gateways